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This is quite a hard one, but hopefully helpful for those of you who really want to learn Dutch. I hope I explained it right and not too fast. Here is a summary:

In Dutch, the diminutive is formed by adding one of the suffixes -je, -tje, -pje, -etje, -kje to the noun in question, depending on the latter's phonology:

-je for words ending in -b, -c, -d, -t, -f, -g, -ch, -k, -p, -v, -x, -z or -s: neef → neefje (male cousin, nephew), lach → lachje (laugh), schaap → schaapje (sheep)
-pje for words ending in -m: boom (tree) → boompje
-kje for words ending in -ing: koning (king) → koninkje (the 'ng'-sound transforms into 'nk')
-etje for CVC words ending in -ng, -b, -l, -n or -r: ding → dingetje (thing), bal → balletje (ball), kam → kammetje (comb), kar → karretje (cart)
-tje for words ending in -r, -n, -h, -j, -l, -w, or a vowel: zoen → zoentje (kiss), boei → boeitje (buoy), appel → appeltje (apple), ei → eitje (egg), keu → keutje (billiard cue). In case of a single open vowel, when adding "'-tje"' without the apostrophe would change the pronunciation, this vowel is doubled: auto (car) → autootje, café (pub) → cafeetje (note the accent is lost because the 'ee' preserves the right prononciation)