DESCRIPTION:
pf: Daniel Barenboim cond/ Bayreuth Festival Orchestra (Harry Kupfer 1988 Ring production)

TIMECODES:
0:00 : Dawn - Siegfried's Rhine Journey
21:34 : Hoiho!
31:49 : Siegfried's Funeral March
38:05 : Finale (Immolation Scene)

Paul Elming (Siegmund)
Siegfried Jerusalem (Siegfried)
Nadine Secunde (Sieglinde)
Matthias Hölle (Hunding)
Anne Evans (Brünnhilde)
John Tomlinson (Wotan)
Ruth Floeren (Ortlinde)
Shirley Close (Waltraute)
Hitomi Katagiri (Schwertleite)
Eva-Maria Bundschuh (Helmwige)
Linda Finnie (Siegrune/Fricka)
Birgitta Svendén (Grimgerde)
Eva Johansson (Gerhilde)
Hebe Kijkstra (Rossweisse)
Philip Kang (Hagen)

Götterdämmerung, WWV 86D, is the last in Richard Wagner's cycle of four music dramas titled Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung, or The Ring for short). It received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 17 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of the Ring.

The title is a translation into German of the Old Norse phrase Ragnarök, which in Norse mythology refers to a prophesied war among various beings and gods that ultimately results in the burning, immersion in water, and renewal of the world. However, as with the rest of the Ring, Wagner's account diverges significantly from his Old Norse sources.

SYNOPSIS:
On the rock of Brünnhilde the three Norns weave fate, singing of the holy ash-tree, from which a brave god made a spear, broken by a young hero and chopped into logs at the command of Wotan, to be piled around Valhalla, where they will burn the place and bring an end to the gods. As dawn breaks Siegfried emerges from the cave with Brünnhilde, having acquired from her her strength as a Valkyrie. As he prepares to leave, he gives her his ring, a symbol of his deeds, and she gives him Grane, her horse. The first act opens in the Gibichung throne-room, where Hagen urges his half-brother Gunther to marry Brünnhilde, although she is fated to be the wife of Siegfried the Volsung, who could, by trickery, be induced to marry their sister, Gutrune. Siegfried arrives and swears friendship with Hagen. Drugged by Gutrune, he offers her marriage and then agrees, using the Tarncap which will transform him, to bring Gunther the woman he wants, in exchange for Gutrune. They swear friendship and join together ritually as blood brothers. Siegfried and Gunther leave, in search of Brünnhilde, while Hagen guards the house, awaiting their return, with the ring. Waltraute brings Brünnhilde news of Wotan's despair, in the absence of the ring, but she refuses to part with Siegfried's pledge of love. Siegfried, in the form of Gunther, leaps through the surrounding flames to claim Brünnhilde as his wife, seizing the ring from her finger. At the hall of the Gibichungs Alberich reminds Hagen of Siegfried's defeat of Wotan and of the power that the ring will give them. Siegfried returns to claim Gutrune and Hagen calls his men to attend the coming wedding. Gunther and Brünnhilde arrive and the latter, seeing the ring on Siegfried's finger, realises that there has been trickery. She curses Siegfried and tells Hagen that the hero can be wounded only from the back, a death that can be arranged at a hunting-party. The Rhinemaidens ask Siegfried for the ring and as the hunters rest, Hagen gives Siegfried a drink that revives his memory, piercing his back with his spear and mortally wounding him. Siegfried's body is brought back, to Gutrune's distress. Gunther and Hagen fight and the former is killed, but the ring cannot be taken from Siegfried's body. Brünnhilde now orders a pyre to be raised. This is lit, and she rides into it on her horse, Grane, wearing the ring, which will return, on her death, to the Rhinemaidens, who drag Hagen down to the depths of the river. Now flames are seen as Valhalla, the home of the gods, finally burns.

The last opera of The Ring cycle, Götterdämmerung is a work of sufficient substance to provide a conclusion. Wagner uses leit-motifs, themes or fragments of themes identified with particular characters, events or ideas, drawing on the material of the earlier dramas of the cycle. The closely woven texture of a work that is through-composed, with continuous music, makes the extraction of excerpts difficult. Nevertheless orchestral elements from the score that may appear in concert programmes include the music for Dawn , Siegfried's Rhine Journey , as he goes to meet Hagen, and his Funeral March . Vocal excerpts must include Brünnhilde's Zu neuen Taten (To new deeds), as she sends Siegfried on his way, and the Rhinemaiden Waltraute's Narrative, Höre mit Sinn (Hear and understand). More extended excerpts might include Brünnhilde's immolation and the closing part of the work.

LIBRETTO: http://www.rwagner.net/libretti/gotterd/e-t-gott.html
For part 1, go to "Prologue" and search "Tagesgrauen"
For part 2, go to Act Two "Scene Two"
For part 4, go to Act Three "Scene Three" and search "Fliegt heim, ihr Raben!"

SOURCES: Wikipedia, Naxos.com (synopsis)